Governor for engines



(No Model.)

B. BRAZELLE.

GOVERNOR FOR ENGINES.

Patented Mar. 3, 1885 4 E h (a i'lli'ullllll WITNESSES?- ATTORNEY.

lhvrrnn dramas PATIENT @rrrca.

BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

GOVERNOR FOR ENGINES.

.ZwPEOIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,168, dated March 3, 1885.

Application filed May 24, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, of St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governors for Engines, of which improvements the following is a specification.

My invention, which relates to governors of the hydraulic class, is an improvement upon that for which Letters Patent of the United States No. 229,948 were granted and issued to the Brazelle Engine Company, as my assignee, under date of July 13, 1880; and its object is to provide a direct-acting governor in which the valve shall be actuated directly by a re ciprocating piston, and increased sensitive ness and quickness of action thereby attained; and, further, to afford such increase of the area available for the exertion of pressure in opposition to spring resistance as to enable the degree thereof required. for effective op eration to be materially reduced.

The improvements claimed are hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is avertical section through a governor embodying my invention, at the line a: x of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a similar section at the line pg of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a horizontal section through the case of the pump-pistons at thelinez z of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a plan or top view of the valve-piston cylinder detached; Fig. 5, a vertical central section through a valve-piston casing cast in one piece with its cylinder; Fig. 6, a plan or top view of the same, and Fig. 7 a View in perspective of the valve-stem cross-head pin. In the practice of my invention I provide a cylindrical pump-piston case, 1, having its ends closed by heads or covers, one of which, 2, is removable and is secured by bolts to the adjacent end of the case. The case 1 has a downwardly-extending channel-way, which is connected by bolts 3 to a valve-piston case, 4., supported by legs or standards 5 upon the cover 6 of the governor-valve chest, and said cover is provided with a central opening, fitted with a suitable stuffing-box, 7, through which the governor-valve stem 8 passes freely. The pump-piston case 1 is divided by a looselyinserted circular division plate or ring, 9, hav ing a central openingi-nto two chambers or compartments, 10 11, each communicating at bottom by the passages 12 13 with the valve-piston case 4.. The passages 12 and 1.3 are separated by a verticalpartition, 14, in which is formed an opening to receive a regulating diameters between the chambers 10 11 and the pistons 16, and said eccentrics are formed upon or secured to a pumpshaf't, l8, diametrically opposite each other-that is to say, at an angle of one hundred and eighty degrees. The pump-shaft 18, which passes through a suitably-packed shutting-box, 1!),inthe movable head 2 of the pump-case, is journaled in an inner end bearing, 20, on the fixed head of the case, and an outer end bearing, 21, supported by bracket-arms 22, bolted to the movable head 2. A pulley, 23, secured upon the pump-shaft adjacent to the outer bearing, 21, receives a belt, by which rotation is imparted to the shaft and eccentrics from the shaft of the engine to which the governor is applied. A valvepiston, 25, secured upon the upper end of a rod, 26, passing through a stuffing-box, 27, in the bottom of the valve-piston case 4., is fitted to move freely vertically in a cylinder, 28, insorted in the valve-casing 4.. The cylinder 28 is separated from the inside of the casing by circumferential ribs or wings 29, an annular space being thus interposed between its periphery and the casing, and it communicates at top by an opening, 30, with one of the passages, 13, leading to the pump-case, and at bottom by an opening, 31, with the other passage, 12.

In lieu of being made separately and inserted in the casing 4, as above described, the valve-piston cylinder 28 may, if preferred, be cast in one piece with the casing, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and in such event it must be provided with a removable cap, 32, closing that portion'of its top not occupied by the opening 30, and the wings 29 may be dispensed with. The lower end of the valve-piston rod 26 bears upon the top of a cross-head, 33, se

cured to the governor-valve stem 8, and a cross- I by the tension of the spring 40. The area of head pin, 34, having a flattened bearing, 35, on each of its ends, is fitted freely in the crosshead 33. The flattened end bearings, 35, of the cross-head pin are engaged by slots formedin the forked end of an arm, 36, on a rock-shaft, 37, journaled in a bearing, 38, on one of the standards 5. The rock-shaft 37 carries upon one of its ends an arm, 39, to which is connected the lower end of a helical spring, 40, the upper end of which is hooked to a lug or stud, 41, on theipump-case. It should be stated that while the spring 40 would not properly appear in the section Fig. 2, the arm 39 has been drawn in elevation and the spring (which is in reality on the opposite side of the plane of section) appended in order to show more fully the position of the spring relatively to the pump-case. Abutments 43, each having a curved lower face bearing upon the bottom of one of the compartments of the pump-case, are journaled upon a stem, 44, fitting sockets in the heads of the case.- Each of said abutments fits a radial slot or groove, 42, in one of the pistons 16, and said abutments, being vibrated upon their stem 44 by the pistons in the rotation of the piston-shaft, act to maintain the spaces within the compartments on each of their sides, respectively, in communication with one only of the passages 12 13, i

and prevent communication between such spaces except through said passages. The regulating-valve 15 is shouldered down to a cylindrical stem, 44, its shoulder bearing against the inner face of a screw-plug, 45, which closes the opening through which it is inserted in its seat in the partition 14, said plug forming an oil-tight joint with the channel-way of the pump-case 1. The valve 15 is adjusted so as to give a greater or less opening through the partition 14 by a hand-wheel,

47, whichengages a squared projection, 46,0n

the outer end of the valve-stem 44, and can be retained in adjusted position by being drawn to a bearing against the plug 45 by atightening-screw, 48, which bears against the outer face'of the hand-wheel 47, and engages an internal thread in the end of the valve-stem.

In operation, the pump-casing 1 is filled with oil or other suitable liquid medium through its upper opening, and the pumpshaft rotated in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1. The movement of the pistons 16 exerts an intermittent pumping action upon the oil in the compartments 1011, the same being forced downward through the passage 13 and returned through the opening in the partition 14, governed by the regulating-valve 15 and the opposite passage 12. The opening 31 enables the displaeement of the oil to be properly effected, and prevents the formation of a vacuum'below the oil-piston 25. The oil in its passage exerts a downward pressure upon the valve-piston 25, which is applied directly through the piston-rod 26 and cross-head 33 to the governor-valve stem 8, and is resisted of the projection 46 opening of the governor valve' will consequently be increased or diminished in conformity with decrease or increase of the speed of the engine and pumpshafts by the vertical movements of the valve-piston induced by such variations of speed.

The speed of the engine can be regulated to any desired normal rate by the adjustment of the regulatingvalve 15, and the power of the a single pump, and the interposed'divisionring serves to form two independent chambers without the necessity of. a separate bonnet. Binding and resultant wear of the pistonabutments 43 are obviated by journaling them upon a central shaft. The application of an end bearing external to the stuffing-box of the pump-shaft prevents end twist of the belt upon the stuffing-box and relieves the same from undue wear and tendency to leakage. Ready adjustment of the regulating-valve and direct passage for the oil are afforded, and the maintenance of the regulating-yalvein adjusted position acts to insure an oil-tight joint between its stem and the plug through which it passes. The exertion of pressure upon the governor-valve stem is directly in line with theaxis thereof, and all lateral friction is eliminated. The valve-piston receiving only downward pressure, its stuffing-box need not be packed with the tightness necessary to resist the pressure of the oil-in the pump-case,and the friction of the rod is thereby correspondingly reduced. Finally, theincrease of area available for pressure acting against the spring resistance enables the governor to be usefully operative with materially lower pressure of oil than that which is necessary under prior constructions.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In an engine-gov'ernor, the combination of a cylindrical pump-case having a supplyopening closed by a movable plug, a pair of pistons mounted upon a shaft fitted to rotate in-bearings in said case, and a division plate or ring fitting freely in the' case between the pistons, said plate having a central opening communicating with each of the piston-spaces, substantially as set forth.

2. Inan engine-governor, the combination of a double-chambered pump-case, a pair of .coincidently operating pump pistons, each for a liquid medium from one side to the other of said abutments, substantially as set forth.

3. In an engine-governor, the combination of a double-chambered pump-case, a shaft mounted in bearings in the ends of said case,

two eccentrics fixed one axially in advance of the other upon said shaft, a pair of cylindrical pistons, each mounted freely upon one of said eccentrics, two abutments, each extending across the space between the bore of the case and one of the pistons, and passages establishing communication for a liquid medium from one side to the other of said abutments, substantially as set forth.

4. In an engine-governor, the combination of a pump-case, a pump-piston moving therein and acting to force aliquid medium through passages communicating therewith, a valvepiston adapted to receive the fluid-pressure maintained in said passages by the movement of the pump-piston,and a rod connected at one end to said valve-piston and hearing at the other upon a governor-valve stem, substantially as set forth.

5. In an engine-governor, the combination of a valve-piston fitting freely in a cylinder, a pump adapted to induce fluid pressure upon said piston, a rodsecured to said piston and bearing upon a governor-valve stem, a rockshaft having an arm which is coupled to the governor-valve stem, and a spring, the tension of which acts in opposite direction to the pressure upon the Valve-piston, and which is connected 'at one end to an arm on the rockshaft and at the other 'toa fixed support, substantially as set forth.

6. In an engine-governor, the combination of a pump-case, a shaft carrying one or more pistons within said case, said shaft being mounted in a bearing in one of the heads of the case and passing through astuffingbox in the other, and an end bearing supporting said shaft exterior to the stuffing-box thereof, sub stantially as set forth.

7. In an engine-governor constructed substantially as shown, the combination of a pump-case, a pnmp-piston mounted upon an eccentric on a shaft therein, and a transverse abutment journaled upon a shaft therein, said abutment hearing at one side of its journal on the bore of the pump-case, and fitting freely on the opposite side of its journal in a radial slot in the pump-piston, substantially as set forth.

8. In an engine-governor constructed substantially as shown, the combination of a valve-piston casing, a cylinder therein having upper and lower openings, each communicating with the top of the casing, and a valvepiston fitting said cylinder and secured upon a rod which passes through a stuffing-box in the casing, substantially as set forth.

9. In an engine-governor constructed sub stantially as shown, the combination of a valve-piston casing, and a removable cylinder having upper and lower openings communicating with the top of the casing, and circumferential ribs or wings fitting against the bore thereof, substantially as set forth.

10. In an enginegovernor constructed substantially as shown, the combination of achannel-way, a regulating-valve governing an opening in a division or partition therein, ashouldered stem passing through a bearing in the wall of the channel-way, and having a squared projection to engage a hand-wheel or handle, and a tightening-screw bearing against the hand-wheel and engaging a thread in the stem of the regulating-valve, substantially as set forth.

11. In an engine-governor constructed substantially .as shown, the combination of a valvestem, a cross-head or block secured thereto, a cylindrical pin fitting freely in said cross-head and having flattened bearings on its ends, and an arm having slots in its end engaging the end bearings of the cross-head pin, substantially as set forth.

12. In an engine-governor constructed substantially as shown,the combination ofa pumpcase and a pump adapted to work therein, a channelway divided by a partition into two passages, which communicate with a valvepiston cylinder, and a regulating-valve governing an opening which establishes communication through said partition between the passages of the channel-way.

BENJAMIN BRAZELLE.

Vitnesses:

SIM. T. PRICE, 'Inos. WARD MCMANUS. 

